What is the main risk associated with bat guano for those handling it?

Handling bat guano presents a significant risk of exposure to histoplasmosis, a serious fungal infection caused by inhaling spores of the Histoplasma capsulatum fungus. This fungus thrives in environments rich in organic matter, such as bat droppings, and can become airborne when the guano is disturbed. When inhaled, the spores can lead to respiratory issues, which can be particularly dangerous for individuals with pre-existing health conditions or weakened immune systems.

While allergic reactions, physical injuries, and pest infestations may also be concerns when dealing with bat guano, they do not carry the same level of severe health risk associated with the transmission of histoplasmosis. Allergic reactions would typically involve the body's immune response to substances in the guano, while physical injury could result from improper handling or environmental hazards. Pest infestations could occur from the guano attracting other wildlife or insects, but these are secondary concerns compared to the immediate health implications of inhaling spores that may lead to infection.